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Reflection of Light

Reflection of Light : There are some surfaces which have ability to send the light back in the same medium when light strikes it. This 9. phenomena of sending the light back in the same medium by a surface is called reflection of light.
(i) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie in a same plane.
(ii) The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection, ∠i = ∠r.

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13. Refraction of Light :  The bending of ray of light when it passes from one medium to another is called refraction of light. Laws of Refraction : (i) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. (ii) When a ray of light undergoes refraction then the ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant. 14. The Refractive Index :  The refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium is given by the ratio of the speed of light in medium 1 and the speed of light in medium 2. This is usually represented by the symbol n 21 . This can be expressed in an equation form as