This chapter can be divided into following categories:- Classification Types of Semi-Conductors p-n junction diode Biasing of Diode Rectifiers Special Diodes (Zener, Photodiode, LED and Solar Cell) Transistors Logic Gates Communication System In the next few posts I will be posting in the same manner ie. (in bullets form) for your convenience and I hope that helps you in completing your syllabus. Classification Materials can be classified on the basis of conductivity as Conductors, Insulators and Semi Conductors. The basic difference among all the three is the difference of energy in between the Conducting and the Valence band. This can be seen here. Note- The range of conductivity should be kept in mind. For Semi-Conductors the energy difference is not very large but not even very less. So by providing proper conditions they can show conductivity. Types of Semi-Conductors Further we can say that there are two other types of semi con...

Vectors So friends let's start the first topic of Physics of Class 11 that is  Vector . I will break this chapter into sub topics for better understanding: Introduction Types of Vector Representation of Vectors Addition of Vectors Geometrically Vectors on x-y co-ordinates Components of Vector Addition of Vector using components Multiplication of Vectors Dot Product and Cross Product So let's get started! Introduction Vectors are physical quantities which requires magnitude as well as the direction for its representation. For example, we can not simply write 10m Displacement because it does not signifies the direction. So we have to write 10m Displacement in East direction. Current is also represented with direction and magnitude but it's not a Vector Quantity. Since the vector quantities must follow the rules of Vector Triangle. This we will discuss in the next topic. Representation of Vectors Vectors are represented with an alphabet and a line ...

13. Refraction of Light :  The bending of ray of light when it passes from one medium to another is called refraction of light. Laws of Refraction : (i) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. (ii) When a ray of light undergoes refraction then the ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant. 14. The Refractive Index :  The refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium is given by the ratio of the speed of light in medium 1 and the speed of light in medium 2. This is usually represented by the symbol n 21 . This can be expressed in an equation form as

1. Mirror Formula : It is a relation between distance of object, distance ofimage from the pole ofthe mirror and it’s focal length, i.e., relation between ‘u’, ‘v and It is given by 12. Magnification :  It is defined as the ratio of height of image to the height of the object. It is denoted by letter m.

1. Mirror Formula : It is a relation between distance of object, distance ofimage from the pole ofthe mirror and it’s focal length, i.e., relation between ‘u’, ‘v and It is given by 12. Magnification :  It is defined as the ratio of height of image to the height of the object. It is denoted by letter m.

Uses of Concave Mirror : (i) It is used as a shaving mirror because when it is placed close to the face, it forms a large image. (ii) It is used in solar heating devices like solar cooker, because it converges Sun’s rays over a small area to produce high temperature. (iii) It is used for security checking purposes. 10. Uses of Convex Mirror : (i) It is used as rear view mirror in automobiles because it gives erect image as well as diminished due to which Pt has wider field of view. (ii) It is also used in street lights.

6. Spherical Mirrors :  It is part of hollow glass sphere whose one surface is polished. There are two types of spherical mirror. (i) Concave Mirror :  It is a spherical mirror whose outer surface is polished and inner or concave side is reflecting surface. (ii) Convex Mirror :  It is a spherical mirror whose inner is polished and outer side or convex side is the reflecting surface. Principal Focus : A point on the principal axis of a spherical mirror where the rays of light parallel to the principal axis meet or appear to meet after reflection from the mirror. Focal Length : The distance between the pole (P) and principal focus(F) of a spherical mirror is called the focal length of the mirror. It is denoted by f.

According to me, these are some of the important stuff that you need to know about the topic Light and I am pretty sure that this page is really going to help you. So let's  go! 1. Ray of Light :  A line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a ray of light. 2. Beam of Light :  A group of rays of light emitted by a source of light is called a beam of light. A light beam is of three types. (i) Parallel beam :  A group of light rays parallel to each other is known as parallel beam of light. 7. (ii) Divergent beam :  A group of light rays spreading out from a source of light is called divergent beam of light. (iii) Convergent beam :  A group of light rays meeting at a point is called convergent beam 8. of light. 3. Reflection of Light :  There are some surfaces which have ability to send the light back in the same medium when light strikes it. This 9. phenomena of sending the light back in the same medium by a s...

Before class 11, let us clear our basics about some of the topics of class 10. Also it will be helpful for the children who are in class 10 preparing for boards. So click on the links above to read  Physics, Chemistry and Maths and prepare yourself for boards.

Laws of Refraction : (i) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. (ii) When a ray of light undergoes refraction then the ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant. The Refractive Index :  The refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium is given by the ratio of the speed of light in medium 1 and the speed of light in medium 2. This is usually represented by the symbol n21. This can be expressed in an equation form as

Uses of Concave Mirror : (i) It is used as a shaving mirror because when it is placed close to the face, it forms a large image. (ii) It is used in solar heating devices like solar cooker, because it converges Sun’s rays over a small area to produce high temperature. (iii) It is used for security checking purposes.

Reflection of Light :  There are some surfaces which have ability to send the light back in the same medium when light strikes it. This 9. phenomena of sending the light back in the same medium by a surface is called reflection of light. (i) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie in a same plane. (ii) The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection, ∠i = ∠r.